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Series Editor's Preface
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ix |
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Maps
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xi |
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Part 1
Introduction
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Chapter 1
Introduction
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3 |
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The Indus in Its Setting
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3 |
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A Lost Civilization
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4 |
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A Land of Unsolved Mysteries
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4 |
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Part 2
Indus Civilization
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Chapter 2
Location of the Indus Civilization and Its Environmental Setting
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Location
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9 |
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The Environmental Setting
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11 |
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The Changing Landscape
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19 |
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Environmental Degradation
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23 |
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Chapter 3
Historical and Chronological Setting
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27 |
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History of the Investigation of South Asia's Past
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27 |
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Studying the Indus Civilization
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41 |
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Chapter 4
Origins, Growth, and Decline of the Indus Civilization
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Early South Asia (ca. 2 to 1 Million-7000 BCE)
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53 |
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Early Farmers in Northwest South Asia (7000-4300 BCE)
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56 |
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Later Settlements (4300-3200 BCE)
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62 |
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The Early Indus (Early Harappan) Period (3200-2600 BCE)
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67 |
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The Transition (2600-2500/2450 BCE)
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80 |
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The Mature Indus Civilization (2600-1900/1800 BCE)
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83 |
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The Posturban (Late Harappan) Period (1900/1800-1300 BCE)
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91 |
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Chapter 5
Economics
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Subsistence Patterns
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109 |
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Arable Agriculture
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110 |
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Animal Husbandry
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122 |
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Aquatic Resources
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133 |
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Wild Resources
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138 |
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Chapter 6
Resources, Trade, and Communications
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147 |
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Introduction
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147 |
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Internal Trade and Communications
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148 |
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South Asian Trade and Exchange
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159 |
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Overland Trade across the Iranian Plateau
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165 |
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Gulf Trade
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168 |
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Later Developments in Local and International Trade
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191 |
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Chapter 7
Settlements
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205 |
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Settlements and Settlement Patterns
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205 |
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Cities, Towns, and Villages
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209 |
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The Features of Urban Centers
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223 |
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Chapter 8
Social and Political Organization
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245 |
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Introduction
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245 |
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Clues to Social Organization
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245 |
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Clues to Political Organization
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256 |
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Chapter 9
Religion and Ideology
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275 |
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Introduction
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275 |
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Religious Structures
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275 |
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Iconography
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279 |
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Ritual Practices
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290 |
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The Treatment of the Dead
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293 |
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Reconstructing Harappan Religion
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296 |
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Chapter 10
Material Culture
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301 |
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Workshops and Factories
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301 |
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Construction
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303 |
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Artifacts
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306 |
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Art
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335 |
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Chapter 11
Intellectual Accomplishments
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345 |
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Numbers, Time, and Space
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345 |
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Languages
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348 |
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The Indus Script
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356 |
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Part 3
Current Assessment
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Chapter 12
The Indus Civilization Today
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385 |
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The Emergence of Harappan Civilization
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385 |
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Theories on the Sociopolitical Organization of the Indus State
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391 |
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Indus Collapse
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396 |
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Glossary
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403 |
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Chronology
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419 |
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Resources for Further Study
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423 |
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General
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423 |
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History of Discovery
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423 |
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Indus Antecedents
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424 |
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The Indus Civilization in South Asian Culture
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424 |
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Neighbors of the Indus Civilization
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424 |
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The End of the Indus Civilization and the Post-Harappan Period
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425 |
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Economy, Trade, and Foreign Relations
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425 |
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Industry, Technology, and Science
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426 |
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The Harappan People
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426 |
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Social and Political Organization
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426 |
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Settlement and Settlements
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426 |
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Language, Writing, and Seals
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427 |
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Useful Web Pages
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428 |
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Journals and Occasional Publications
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428 |
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Index
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429 |
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About the Author
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441 |